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The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Parental Body Mass Index is associated with overweight/obesity in a sample of Greek adolescents, taking into consideration dietary and lifestyle habits. The Vyronas study is a cross-sectional health and nutrition survey. During 2004/2005, 2008 schoolchildren were selected. BMI was calculated for both parents and adolescents. A semi-quantitative Food...
In a recent research report, [Bodenlos et al. 2007. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) acutely alters food craving in adults with depression. Appetite, 48, 145–153] concluded that, in depressed patients, acute activation of a device for VNS caused a significant change in cravings specifically for sweet foods. We argue that there is no evidence for any effect on food cravings. Rather, the findings indicate...
The marketing of foods to children has been criticised by parents and academics alike and the control of such advertising is being considered by politicians. Much of the current research focuses on TV advertising. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to printed advertisements for healthy, less healthy and non-food products on children's mood, hunger, food choice and product recall...
Increasing intake of low energy density (ED) foods in place of high ED foods has been proposed as a strategy for preventing or treating obesity. This study investigated how substituting mushrooms for beef in a test lunch affected energy intake, fat intake, palatability, appetite, satiation and satiety in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. Each subject consumed a total of eight test lunches...
The aim of this work was to test mineral preference in hydrated rats that received a pulse intracerebroventricular (icv p ) injection of ANG II at a dipsogenic dose (50ng). The icv p ANG II induced a four-fold higher ingestion of 0.15M NaHCO 3 than of other mineral solutions at palatable concentrations (0.15M NaCl, 0.05mM CaCl 2 and 0.01M KCl) in a five-bottle test...
The developmental path leading to eating disorders among adolescent girls often proceeds from increasing body size, to increasing body dissatisfaction, to increasing eating disorder (ED) risk. To determine whether body dissatisfaction (BD) mediates the association between body size and risky weight control behaviors, we examined data from White (n=709) and Native American (n=253) girls, who differ...
Pollutants in the environment as well as potential risks to human health and health policies are leading to profound changes in the food chain. Whether dietary patterns and medical interventions are accepted, depends on the cultural and territorial anchorage of the populations, their socio-cultural past as well as scientific uncertainty and modalities of objectification of social actors. Controversies,...
The article presents results from a survey that was carried out among participants in a strictly controlled dietary intervention trial in order to investigate and compare the social and cultural acceptability of three different diets. Measures of social and cultural acceptability included liking of diet, social eating events, practical matters surrounding shopping, cooking, eating, understandings...
We aimed to assess whether modulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) with noninvasive brain stimulation, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), modifies food craving in healthy subjects. We performed a randomized sham-controlled cross-over study in which 23 subjects received sham and active tDCS (anode left/cathode right and anode right/cathode left) of the DLPFC. Subjects...
The health regimen was a medical genre developed in Western Europe as of the 13th century and is one of the main sources attesting the interest that professionals working on health devoted to the dangers incurred in eating. This medical genre, part of an ancient tradition, was well known by the elites of the time. The surviving texts reveal themselves to be extremely attentive to contemporary food...
Eating is an important component to the courtship stage of relationships. Therefore, the purpose of the current experiment was to identify common decision-making strategies of individuals in extended dating relationships. By doing so, this study was a replication and extension of previous findings by Bonds-Raacke [Bonds-Raacke, J. M. (2006). Using cluster analysis to examine husband-wife decision-making...
The historical definition of a natural product stands at the crossroads of business, health, and the symbolic order of things. Until the end of the 19th century, “natural product” was a synonym of perishable. The emergency of organic chemistry made perishability be replaced with “toxicity”. Nowadays, genetics is provoking a radical change in the notion and practises of “natural product”. However,...
A paleonutritional study of the Medici Grand Dukes in Florence (16th–17th centuries) and of the Aragonese Princes in Naples (15th–17th centuries) was performed. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bone collagen showed high values of δ 15 N at the level of carnivores and demonstrated a diet that was very rich in meat. δ 13 C values are in accordance with an intake of fish,...
l-Phenylalanine (Phe), is a potent releaser of the satiety hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK) and previous studies, conducted primarily in men, show that ingestion of Phe reduces energy intake. The objective of the current study was to test the effects of Phe on energy intake in overweight and obese women. Subjects (n=32) received three treatments (high-dose (10g Phe), low-dose (5g Phe and 5g glucose)...
This study examined relationships between individual-level socioeconomic position, area-level disadvantage, characteristics of the takeaway food environment, and the purchase of takeaway food. ‘Takeaway’ is conceptualised as foods or meals that are prepared and purchased outside of the home, and ready for immediate consumption either at the place of purchase or elsewhere. The analytic sample comprised...
Recently, we conducted the first study to date on the effects of VNS on food cravings among depressed adults and concluded that VNS activation appears to acutely alter food cravings in depressed adults. Interestingly, we found that VNS device activation was associated with acute increases in cravings in some participants, and decreases in others. We then implemented exploratory regression analysis...
Many obese adolescents show intense body shape and weight concerns that render them vulnerable to cognitive biases, psychological distress and eating disorders. Current treatments, however, generally do not address negative body image in obese adolescents. The present pilot study tested if body exposure and describing one's body in a neutral way is an effective approach for increasing body satisfaction...
This study investigates why consumers accept different genetically modified food products to different extents. The study shows that whether food products are genetically modified or not and whether they are processed or not are the two important features that affect the acceptance of food products and their evaluation (in terms of perceived healthiness, naturalness, necessity and tastiness). The...
We report that undergraduate females, unlike males, indicate a high degree of discomfort at the prospect of being weighed in the presence of male or female acquaintances. This discomfort is surprising, in that the other people present already have a good sense of the weight of the female by virtue of being able to see her. An analysis of this discomfort and sex-difference, in the form of response...
The study tests existing evidence on the paradoxical effects of exposure to a forbidden snack. Sixty-eight females were assigned randomly to one of two conditions: a temptation group, who were given the instruction to abstain from a favourite snack for 24h while being exposed to it, or a control group, who were given no specific instructions. A further distinction was made between high-restraint/high-disinhibition...
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